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Standard sizes Modern manufacturing conventions have resulted in a limited number of standard sizes of commercial bedding for mattresses and box springs. They vary by country of origin. The European or continental basic sizes are similar to the UK but have a set length of 2 metres. These dimensions are for the mattress—the actual bed frame will be a little bigger in order to fully encompass and support the mattress. The thickness of the mattress may vary considerably. In some places (including China) and historically, Single referred to a bed size that was half the width of a Double, that is, approximately the width of one pillow. In Western nations (usually with larger and/or richer people), such beds have become quite rare, making a Twin bed the standard for one-person sleeping. Without another common use for the term Single and with the term Double being widely used, Single has come to be another term for a twin bed in these places. The change in terminology has been used (and perhaps promoted) by people involved in retail bed sales to be able to say to customers that a double is "only 15 inches wider than a single bed," which is sometimes a point made to encourage customers to purchase a more expensive queen-sized bed. Note that portable cots are generally the size of original single beds. Bed frames, also called bed steads, are made of wood or metal. The frame is made up of head, foot, and side rails. For heavy duty or larger frames (such as for queen- and king-sized beds), the bed frame also includes a center support rail. These rails are assembled to create a box for the mattress or mattress/box spring to sit on. Though not truly parts of a bed frame, many people include headboards, footboards, and bed rails in their definition of bed frames. Headboards and footboards can be wood or metal. They can be stained, painted, or covered in fabric or leather. Bed rails are made of wood or metal and are attached to a headboard and footboard. Wooden slats are placed perpendicular to the bed rails to support the mattress/mattress box spring.

Twin / Single	36 × 75 in       0.92 × 1.90 m
Double / Full	53 × 75 in       1.38 × 1.90 m
Queen	60 × 78 in       1.53 × 1.98 m
King	72 × 78 in       1.84 × 1.98 m

• An adjustable bed is a bed that can be adjusted to a number of different positions
• An air bed uses an air-inflated mattress, sometimes connected to an electric air pump and having firmness controls.
• A box-bed is a bed having the form of a large box with wooden roof, sides, and ends, opening in front with two sliding panels or shutters; often used in cottages in Scotland: sometimes also applied to a bed arranged so as to fold up into a box.
• A brass bed, constructed from brass or brass-plated metal.
• A bunk bed is two or more beds one atop the other. Also used in a confined space.
• A canopy bed is similar to a four poster bed, but the posts usually extend higher and are adorned or draped with cloth, sometimes completely enclosing the bed.
• A daybed is a couch that is used as a seat by day and as a bed by night.
• A futon is a traditional style of Japanese bed that is also available in a larger Western style.
• A four poster bed is a bed with four posts, one in each corner, that support a tester.
• A sofabed is a bed that is stored inside a sofa.
• An iron bed, developed in the 1850s, is constructed of iron and steel.

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